安全工程的一个重要分支是人因工程(Human Factor Engineering)或人类工效学(Ergonomics)。这个学科估计懂的人很少，国内就更加少。从事这方面的一般都是大学本科学心理学或应用心理学。查了一下wiki, 国内也有工效学学会(Chinese Ergonomics Society) - 1989成立, 但估计这方面还是很新，能听说过人因工程学这个名字的，已经很不错。
重视人因的原因很简单，就是系统理论的‘人-机-环境’合一，看作一个整体系统来分析。没有人，就没有系统，归根到底系统是为人服务。人因工程一个重要应用是人机操作界面设计，试想飞行员按错一个或多个命令键，后果可以是很严重。减少人为错误是安全工程的一个重要目标。另外是操作环境，机械零件，房间等设计，都要符合人因工程。
实践里好像都是使用相应的规范，研究上挺有意思，主要是建立合适的人为错误模型，还有虚拟三维模拟。
似懂非懂。
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Actually there is a bunch of chinese doing research on ergonomics or human factors. Researcher in Scandpower china published a book about human factor at 2007 in cooperation with faculty member in Tingshua univeristy. In the same unversity there are at least two groups of people working on this topic from industrial engineering and nuclear engineering. Also, there are other researchers from mechanical engineering doing research on this topic.
ReplyDeleteThere are differences between human factors and ergonomics in terms of emphasis.
The ergonomics is mostly from a designer's point of view, about how to design a product which is not easy to cause human error or will prevent the consequence of human error, while human factors may also be utilized by safety/risk analyst, the most common way is human reliability analysis.
And there is a trend that more and more people believe we should focus not only on human factors, but more importantly on organizational factors. Since foucs on human error does not have high priority from Haddon's point of view.
Thanks for your update. And I took your point about the difference between human factors and egronomics. The most important thing about safety (at least system safety) is more about management than a specific technical aspect such as human factors. I will talk about this later.
ReplyDeleteNice to know you
It is really a dilemma which one is more important between safety management and technical solutions. I suppose most people from both industry and academia have relized that we need to focus on both to achieve a good safety performance. However technical guys still focus on technical improvements and management people will only work on their own field. A good communication and truly collaboration between those two bunchs of people is difficult to achieve so far. I guess this is why safety science is a new field of research while reliabilty is almost impossible to make a breakthrough, eventhoug they are closely related.
ReplyDeleteGold to know you too. It is great to have some blogging about safety issues.
Well, that's a common issue for engineering. I don't think it's just for safety. But perhaps safety engineering is more outstanding. Think about space, areospace, nuclear and railways industries. They all involve some high-tech & rocket-science stuffs. We definitely have technical guys that 'can do' this or that. But how to manage such people and projects is another story.
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